Research Overview
Dr. Gail D'Onofrio, Professor and Chief of the Section of Emergency Medicine, is nationally renowned for her work in substance abuse and women's health. Dr. D'Onofrio currently has R01 funding from the NIH/NIAAA to study ED Practitioner-performed brief interventions for hazardous and harmful drinkers. She is also funded by the DHHS Office of Women's Health to study women's perception of cardiac risk and outcomes of an educational intervention. In addition she is a co-investigator in a large NHLBI grant that studies young women with myocardial infarctions.Dr. D’Onofrio is the Medical Director of the Women’s Heart Advantage Program, working in collaboration with the Yale-New Haven Hospital Heart Center in developing and evaluating programs in an effort to increase women’s awareness of heart disease.

Dr. Gregory Luke Larkin, Professor and Associate Chief of the Section of Emergency Medicine, is internationally renowned for his work in emergency medicine and public health. He is particularly interested in studying psychiatric emergencies in the emergency department. He has an interest in international medicine and has worked as a visiting professor in Turkey, Slovenia, and the United Kingdom. He has also worked as a clinical and public health advisor in Zambia, Kenya, Peru, Guatemala, Brazil, and Venezuela.

Dr. Sandy Bogucki, currently working in Washington, DC, on an Interagency Professional Agreement with the Department of Health and Human Services, is investigating the use of oximetry in self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighter physiology monitoring through a grant by the National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health.

Dr. David Cone, who is the current President of the National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP) is researching the effects of emergency medical dispatch systems on EMS resources. This study is funded by the National Academy of Emergency Dispatch. Dr. Cone is also examining mass casualty triage in collaboration with Uppsala University of Sweden.

Dr. Linda C. Degutis, the director of our research division, and incoming President of the American Public Health Association, is internationally recognized for her work in alcohol and injury control policy. She is currently working with investigators in Toronto, Canada, on the publication of a book on impaired driving policy in North America.  This is based on work that was funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Substance Abuse Policy Research Program. Dr. Degutis is also the co-principal investigator and Director of the Yale Center for Public Health Preparedness, which is funded by the Centers for Disease Control through the Yale University School of Public Health. This center works to ensure that frontline public health workers frontline public health workers are prepared to respond to public health emergencies including natural disasters, acts of terrorism, and disease outbreaks.  The Center designs, implements and evaluates preparedness education.

Dr. Leigh Evans currently has funding from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality to study the impact of simulation training on residents' insertion of central venous catheters under ultrasound guidance.  She is conducting other studies to assess the effectiveness of simulation training using both computer simulations and a patient simulation manikin.

Dr. Chris Moore, who recently was recognized as a National ACEP Teacher of the Year, is the mentor for Dr. Jason Chang ('08), who was awarded an Emergency Medicine Foundation grant to study cardiac function with the use of echocardiography in the septic patient. Dr. Moore is also a co-investigator in a study of the utility of a biomarker (S100B) in minor head trauma.

Dr. Basmah Safdar, our chest pain center director, is currently conducting several studies in patients experiencing chest pain who are at risk of cardiac disease. These include: the use of biomarkers in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (heart attack), perception of risk factors associated with heart disease, and prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients at risk for heart disease.

Other Areas of Active Research Focus:

• Pre-Hospital Termination of Resuscitation Efforts
• Use of ED Ultrasound in Screening Patients for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
• Use of Biomarkers in Detection of Head Injuries in Adults and Children
• Use of Biomarkers in Detection of Acute Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
• Smoking Cessation and Asthma
• Pain management in the ED setting

Selected Published Research
Zehtabchi S, Sinert R, Soghoian S, Liu Y, Carmody K, Shah L, Kumar M, Lucchesi M. Identifying traumatic brain injury in patients with isolated head trauma: are arterial lactate and base deficit as helpful as in polytrauma? Emerg. Med. J., May 2007; 24: 333 - 335.

Zehtabchi S, Sinert R, Soghoian S, Liu Y, Carmody K, Shah L, Kumar M, Lucchesi M. . The association of coagulopathy and traumatic brain injury in patients with isolated head trauma. Resuscitation. June 2007.

Mann NC, Schmidt TA, Cone DC.  Defining research criteria to characterize medical necessity in emergency medical services: a consensus among experts at the Neely Conference.  Prehosp Emerg Care 2004; 8: 138-153.

Kane KE, Cone DC.  Anaphylaxis in the prehospital setting.  J Emerg Med 2004; 27: 371-377.

Cone DC, Schmidt TA, Mann NC, Brown L. Developing research criteria to define medical necessity in emergency medical services.  Prehosp Emerg Care 2004; 8: 116-125.

Cone DC, Benson R, Schmidt TA, Mann NC. Field triage systems: methodologies from the literature.  Prehosp Emerg Care 2004; 8: 130-137.

Schmidt TA, Cone DC, Mann NC.  Criteria currently used to evaluate dispatch triage systems: where do they leave us?  Prehosp Emerg Care 2004; 8: 126-129.

Cone DC, O'Connor RE. Are U.S. informed consent requirements driving resuscitation research overseas?  Resuscitation 2005; 66: 141-148.

Fenig M, Cone DC.  Advancing disaster epidemiology and response: developing a national disaster-victim database. Prehosp Emerg Care 2005;9:457-467.

Mosesso VN, Cone DC.  Using the exception from informed consent regulations in research.  Acad Emerg Med 2005;12:1031-1039.

Cone DC, Koenig KL.  Mass casualty triage in the CBRN environment.  Eur J Emerg Med 2005;12:287-302.

Cone DC, MacMillan DS, Van Gelder C, Brown DJ, Weir SD, Bogucki S.  Noninvasive fireground assessment of carboxyhemoglobin levels in firefighters.  Prehosp Emerg Care 2005;  9:  8-13.

Cone DC, Bailey ED, Spackman AB.  The safety of a field termination-of-resuscitation protocol.  Prehosp Emerg Care 2005;  9: 276-281.

Cone DC, Cummings BA.  Hospital disaster staffing: If you call, will they come?  Am J Disaster Med 2006; 1: 28-36.

Jenkins JL, O'Connor RE, Cone DC.  Differentiating large-scale surge versus daily surge.  Acad Emerg Med 2006;13:1169-1172.

Cone DC, Galante N, MacMillan DS, Perez MM, Parwani V.  Is there a role for first responders in EMS responses to medical facilities?  Prehosp Emerg Care 2007;11:14-18.

Degutis LC, Rabinovici R, Sabbaj A, Mascia R, D'Onofrio G.  "The Saliva Strip Test is an Accurate Method to Determine Blood Alcohol Concentration in Trauma Patients."  Acad Emerg Med 2004, 11(8):  885-87.

Gerson LW, Larkin GL, Degutis LC.  "Injury Prevention Research:  Quo Vadis?"  Acad Emerg Med 2004, 11(6):  672-73.

Levine E, Degutis LC, Pruzinsky T, Shin J, Persing JA.  "Quality of Life and Facial Trauma Psychological and Body Image Effects."  Annals of Plastic Surgery 2005, 24(5):  502-10.

Degutis LC, Greve M.  "Injury prevention"  Emerg. Med. Clinics of North America, 2006, 24(4): 871-88.

Lerner EB, O'Connor RE, Schwartz R, Brinsfield K, Ashkenazi I, Degutis LC, Dionne JP, Hines S, Hunter S, O'Reilly G, and Sattin RW. "Blast-Related Injuries from Terrorism: An International Perspective." Prehospital Emergency Care, 2007, 11(2): 137-53.

Kane BG, Degutis LC, Sayward HK, D'Onofrio G.  "Compliance with Centers for Disease Control Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases."  Acad Emerg Med 2004, 11(4):  371-77.

Caulin-Glaser T, Freed L, Parkosewich J, D'Onofrio G. Impact of a community-based education program to improve women's awareness of heart disease. Journal of HealthCare Quality Web Exclusive March/April 2005 W2-2-W2-9.

D'Onofrio G, Pantalon MV, Degutis LC, Fiellin DA, O'Connor PG. Development and Implementation of an Emergency Practitioner-Performed Brief Intervention for Hazardous and Harmful Drinkers in the Emergency Department. Acad Emerg Med. 2005;12:249-56.

Gombeski WR, Kramer K, Freed LA, Foody J, Parkosewich J, Wilson T, Wack J, D'Onofrio G. Women's Heart Advantage Program: The Impact Three Years Later. J of Cardiovascular Manag 2005; 14:27-34.

Horowitz SM, Busch, SH, Balestracci KMB, Ellingson KD, Rawlings J.  Intensive intervention improves primary care follow-up for uninsured Emergency Department patients. Acad Emerg Med 2005, 12: 647 652; D'Onofrio G, Degutis LC published erratum.

O'Rourke M, Richardson LD, Wilets I, D'Onofrio G. Emergency Medicine physicians' current practice, attitudes and beliefs regarding ED patients with alcohol-related problems. J Emerg Med 2006, 30: 263-268.

Saitz R, Svikis D, D'Onofrio G, Kraemer K, Perl H. Challenges Applying Alcohol Brief Intervention in Diverse Practice Settings: Populations, Outcomes, and Costs. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006; 30:332-338.

Rathlev NK, Ulrich AS, Delanty N. D'Onofrio G. Alcohol Related Seizures. J Emerg Med 2006,31:157-163.

D'Onofrio G. Becker B, Woolard R. Screening and Intervention for Alcohol Problems in the ED:In Hirshorn JM, Morris D (eds) Emergency Medicine and the Health of the Public, Emerg Med Clin N Am 2006;24:925-967.

D'Onofrio G, McCausland J, Tarabar A, Degutis LC. Illy: Clinical and public health implications of a street drug. Substance Abuse; 2006:45-51.

Bernstein SL, Bernstein E, Boudreaux ED, Irvin C, Mello MJ, Kapur AK, Becker BM, Sattin R, Cohen V, D'Onofrio G. Public Health Considerations in Knowledge Translation in the ED. Acad Emerg Med (In Press for 11/07).

The Academic ED SBIRT Research Collaborative (D'Onofrio G, Degutis LC) An evidence based alcohol SBIRT curriculum improves ED Providers beliefs and practice. Substance Abuse (In Press).

The Academic ED SBIRT Research Collaborative. (D'Onofrio G, Degutis LC) The impact of screening, brief intervention and referral for treatment (SBIRT) on Emergency Department patients' alcohol use. Annals Emerg Med (In Press).

D'Onofrio G, Pantalon MV, Degutis LC, Fiellin DA, Busch SH, Chawarski MC, Owens PH, O'Connor PG. Brief Intervention for Hazardous and Harmful Drinkers in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial.  Annals of Emerg Med (In Revision)

Kohn MA, Hammel JM, Bretz SW, and Stangby A, Trauma Team Activation Criteria as Predictors of Patient Disposition from the Emergency Department.  Acad Em Med, January 2004, volume 11, pp. 1-9.

Hammel JM and Chiang W. Update on emerging infections: news from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreaks of avian influenza A (H5N1) in Asia and interim recommendations for evaluation and reporting of suspected cases -- United States, 2004.  Ann Emerg Med.  January 2005:45 (1), pp. 88-92.

Kirrane BM and Hoffman RS. Pesticide exposure at schools and acute illnesses. JAMA 2005; 294: 19:2431.

Shalkham AS, Kirrane BM, Goldfarb D, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS. The availability and use of charcoal hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoned patients. American Journal of Kidney Disease 2006;48:239-41.

Barrueto F, Kirrane BM, Cotter BW, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS. Cardioactive steroid poisoning: a comparison of plant and animal derived compounds. The Journal of Medical Toxicology 2006;2:152-155.

Kirrane BM, Nelson LS and Hoffman RS.  Massive Strontium Ferrite Ingestion without Acute Toxicity. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006 Nov;99(5):358-9.

Becker J, Theodosis C, Kulkarni RG. HIV and the Effect of Conflict in Africa - Ramifications for Security. Medscape General Medicine, 2007 Sept; [In Publication].

Hall WL, Myers JH, Pepe PE, Larkin GL, Sirgaugh PE, Persse DE. The perspective of paramedics about on-scene termination of resuscitation efforts for pediatric patients.  Resuscitation. 2004:60(2):175-187.

Shepherd G, Larkin GL, Velez L, Huddleston W.  Language Preferences Among, Callers to a Regional Poison Center.  Vet Hum Toxicol. 2004; 46(2):100-101.

Hall WL, Larkin GL, Trujillo MJ, Hinds JL, Delaney KA.  Errors in weight estimation in the Emergency Department:  Comparing performance by Providers and Patients.  J Emerg Med. 2004: 27(3): 219-24.

Larkin GL, Claassen CA, Hood A, Blanco G, Framan D, Moon D, Villareal L.  Injury and Mental Health:  Prevalence and Spectrum of Comorbid Psychopathology in a Cohort of Injured Emergency Department Patients.  Acad Emerg Med 2004; 11(5):451.

Larkin GL, Claassen CA, Hood A, Blanco G, Framan D, Moon D, Villareal L.  Psychiatric Comorbidity in Victims of Intimate Partner Violence in a Multiethnic Emergency Department Population.  Acad Emerg Med 2004: 11(5): 486.

Larkin, GL.  End of Life Rituals:  The Beneficence of Futile Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.  Turkish Clinical Journal of Medical Ethics, Law and History.  2004: 12(157): 163-170.

Smith RP, Katz CL, Holmes A, Herbert R, Levin S, Moline J, Landsbergis P, Stevenson L, North C, Larkin GL, Baron S, Hurrell JJ:  Mental Health Status of World Trade Center Rescue and Recovery Workers and Volunteers-New York, July 2002-August 2004. MMWR, September 10, 2004, 53(35): 812-815.

Claassen CA, Larkin GL: Occult Suicidality in an Emergency Department Population. Br J Psych, 2005; 86:352-3.

Larkin GL, McKay MP, Angelos P:  Six Core Competencies and Seven Deadly Sins:  A Virtues-Based Approach to the New Guidelines for Graduate Medical Education.  Surgery, 2005; 138(3):490-497.

Brown ES, Stuard G,  Joshua DM, Liggin JDM, Hukovic N, Frol A, Dhanani N,  Khan DA, Jeffress J, Larkin GL, McEwen BS, Rosenblatt R, Mageto Y, Hanczyc M, Cullum CM. Effect of Phenytoin on Mood and Declarative Memory During Prescription Corticosteroid Therapy. Biol Psychiatry March, 2005; 57(5):543-548.

Lipsky S, Field CA, Caetano R, Larkin GL. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology and Comorbid Depressive Symptoms Among Abused Women Referred from Emergency Department Care. Violence Vict, 2005:20(6): 455-460.

Lipsky S, Caetano R, Field CA, Larkin GL. Psychosocial and substance use risk factors for intimate partner violence. Drug Alcohol Depend, 2005; 78:39-47.

Claassen CA, Kashner TM, Gilfillan SK, Larkin, GL, Rush, AJ.  Psychiatric Emergency Service Use after Implementation of Managed Care in a Public Mental Health System. Psychiatr Serv, 2005; 56: 691-698.

Miller AH, Larkin GL, Jimenez CH. Predictors of Medication Refill-Seeking Behavior in the Emergency Department. Am J Emerg Med, November, 2005, 23(4): 423-428.

Larkin GL, Claassen CA, Pelletier A, Camargo CA. Trends in US Emergency Department Visits for Mental Health Conditions, 1992-2001. Psychiatr Serv, 2005; 56: 671-677.

Lipsky S, Caetano R, Field CA, Larkin GL. Is there a relationship between victim and partner alcohol use during an intimate partner violence event? Findings from an urban emergency department study of abused women. J Stud Alcohol, 2005, 66: 407-412.

Lipsky, Field CA, Caetano R, Larkin GL.  The role of intimate partner violence, race and ethnicity in help-seeking behaviors.  Ethn Health 2006; 2(1):81-100.

Nadkarni V, Larkin GL, Perbedy M. Carey S, Kaye W, Mancini M, Nichol G, Truitt T, Potts J, Ornato J, Berg R.  First documented rhythm and Clinical outcome form In-hospital Cardiac Arrests among Children and Adults:  JAMA, 2006; 295 (1):50-57.

Larkin GL, Claasen CA, Pelletier A, Camargo CA. A National Study of Ambulance Transports to US Emergency Departments: The Impact of Mental Health Related Visits.  Prehosp Disaster Med, 2006; 21 (2):82-90.

Claassen CA, Trivedi MH, Stewart S, Larkin GL, Litovitz, T.  Epidemiology of nonfatal deliberate, self-harm in the United States as described in three medical databases.  Suicide Life Threat Behav, 2006; 36(2):69-76.

Alexander GC, Larkin GL, Wynia MK.  Physicians' Preparedness for Bioterrorism and Other Public Health Priorities.  Acad Emerg Med, 2006 13(11): 1238-41.

Delaney K, Vasallo S, Larkin GL, Goldfrank L. Rewarming Rates in Urban Patients with Hypothermia: Prediction of Underlying Infection. Acad Emerg Med, 2006 13(9):913-921.

Meaney PA, Vinay M, Nadkarni E, Cook F, Testa M, Helfaer M, Kaye W, Larkin GL, Berg RA. Higher Survival Rates among Younger Patients after Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Cardiac Arrests.  J Am Acad Pediatrics, 2006 118(6): 2424-2433.

Moskop JC, Geiderman JM, Hobgood CD, Larkin GL.  Emergency Physicians and Disclosurenof Medical Errors.  Ann Emerg Med, 2006 48(5): 523-531.

Nadkarni VM, Larkin, GL, Peberdy MA, Carey SM, Kaye W, Mancini ME, Nichol G, Lane-Truitt, T, Potts J, Ornato JP, Berg RA. First Documented Rhythm and Clinical Outcome From In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest among Children and Adults.  JAMA, 2006 295(1): 50-57.

Marco CA, Moskop JC,  Solomon RC, Geiderman JM, Larkin GL. Gifts to Physicians from the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Ethical Analysis. Ann Emerg Med, 2006 48(5): 513-521.

Schears RA, Watters A, Schmidt TA, Marco CA, Larkin GL, Marshall JP, Mason  JD, McBeth BD, Mello MJ.  The Society of Academic Emergency Medicine, Position on Ethical Relationships with the Biomedical Industry.  J  Acad Emerg Med, 2007 14(2):179-181.

Claassen CA, Larkin GL, Hodges G, Field C:  Criminal Correlates of Injury-Related Emergency Department Recidivism. J Emerg Med, 2007 32(2): 141-147.

Larkin GL, Claassen CA. Trends in the Emergency Department Use of Gastric Lavage for Poisoning Events in the United States, 1993-2003. Clin Toxicol, 2007 45: 164-168.

MacMillan DS.  Model describing the effect of employment of the United States military in a complex emergency.  Prehosp Disaster Med 2005; 20(5): 282-289.

MacMillan DS, Cone DC.  Can a simple reminder letter improve numbering of single-family residences?  Prehosp Emerg Care 2006; 10: 272-275.

Lee CI, Haims AH, Monico EP, Brinks JA, Forman HP.  Diagnostic CT scans: Assessment of patient, physician, and radiologist awareness of radiation dose and possible risks.  Radiology 2004; 231(2): 393-98.

Monico EP, Moore CL, Calise A. The Impact of Evidence-Based Medicine and Evolving Technology on the Standard of Care in Emergency Medicine. The Internet Journal of Law, Healthcare and Ethics, Vol 3, Number 2, 2005.

Lee CI, Flaster HV, Haims AH, Monico EP, Forman HP. Diagnostic CT Scans: Institutional Informed Consent Guidelines and Practices at Academic Medical Centers.  Amer. J Roentgenology. 2006; 187(2): 282-7.

Monico EP, Calise A, Nottingham D. Marine Evenomations Among Home Aquarium Hobbyists. The Internet Journal of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine. (In Press).

Moore CL, Gregg S, Lambert MJ.  Performance training: quality assurance, and reimbursement of emergency physician.  Performed: Ultrasound, Academic Medical Centers.  J Ultrasound Med 2004, 23: 459-466.

Moore CL, Promes S. Ultrasound in pregnancy. Emerg Med Clin N Amer 2004; 22 (3):697-722.

Chen L, Hsiao A, Moore CL, Dziura J, Santucci K. Utility of bedside bladder ultrasound before urethral catheterization in young children. Pediatrics 2005; 115: 108-111.

Moore CL, Vasquez N, Lin H, Kaplan L. Major Vascular Injury after Laparascopic Tubal Ligaion. J Emerg Med 2005; 29:67-71.

Moore CL, Molina A, Lin H. Ultrasound in community emergency departments in the United States: access to ultrasound performed by consultants and status of  emergency physician performed ultrasound. Ann Emerg Med, 2006; 47:147-153.

Moore CL, Todd W, Obrien EA, Lin H. Free fluid in Morison's pouch on bedside ultrasound predicts need for operative intervention in suspected ectopic pregnancy. Acad Emerg Med, 2007; (in Press).

Bradley EH, Roumanis SA, Radford MJ, Webster TR, McNamara RL, Mattera JA, Barton BA, Berg, DN, Prtney EL, Moscovitz H, Parkosewich J, Holmboe ES, Blaney M, Krumholz HM.  Achieving door to balloon times that meet quality guidelines: how do successful hospitals do it?  J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46(7):1236-41.

Osborne M, Marco C. Is it normal or abnormal? Approaching neonates in the emergency department.  Pediatric Emergency Medicine Reports January 2004; Vol 9, No 1, pp 1-12.

Parwani V, Cone DC.  A novel inexpensive IV catheterization training model for paramedic students.  Prehosp Emerg Care 2006; 515-517.

Safdar B, Degutis LC, Landry K, Vedere SR, Moscovitz HC, D'Onofrio G. Intravenous morphine plus ketorolac is superior to either drug alone for treatment of acute renal colic. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48:173-181.

Tarabar AF, Jolin S, Trepp R, Nelson LS, Hoffman RS Phencyclidine (PCP) Induced Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Toxicology-Clinical Toxicology Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 395-564, 2004.

Tarabar AF , Allori L , Hoffman RS , Nelson L Infliximab Induced Critical Thrombocytopenia. Journal of Toxicology-Clinical Toxicology Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 395-564, 2004.

Tarabar AF. Nelson LS: The Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate Withdrawal Syndrome. Toxicol Rev. 2004;23(1):45-9.

Tarabar AF, Khan Y, Nelson LS, Hoffman RS: Antimony toxicity from the use of tartar emetic for the treatment of alcohol abuse. Vet Hum Toxicol. 2004 Dec;46(6):331-3.

Peredy T, Simone K, Tomassoni AJ. Arsenic through the ages.  Mithridata 2007;33:9-14.

Van Gelder CM, Frantz R, Bogucki S. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Connecticut.  Prehosp Emerg Care, Apr/June 2005;9:219-226.